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= **The Hectic 1870s **! = **//By: Kevin Zheng, Kassie Valencia, Reed Flores, HD, Matt Linzmeyer, Sydney Cariel and Mariah Vicedo//** toc =**__ //Introduction:// __ ** = The 1870s was a time of political and economic chaos, the country was full of bitterness and disharmony.But through all that was wrong with our nation, our citizens managed to find the time to create and advance not only our country, but the entire world. As America entered the 1870's, we were also recovering from our own Civil War. As we were coping with our economic loss from the war, we were also dealing with raging bitterness throughout the nation. With disharmony within the country, many political and economical events did little to ease the tension. Such chaotic events include the creation of the 15th amendment, the Panic of 1873, the Battle of Little Bighorn and the Presidential election of 1876.Although the country was stuck in a period of subtle hatred, the citizens of the decade used the time to create and inspire. In the 1870s, much was created that the citizens of today still utilize and continue to improve on. Such includes, the National Baseball League, the invention of the Light Bulb, the Phonograph and much more. We were a country in near ruins, but through it webecame much more advanced and secured ourselves in history as a country of innovative and creative people.

=**//__TIMELINE__://** = ** 1870 - 15th Amendment ** 1870 - Chewing Gum (Thomas Adams)  1870 - First graduate programs (at Yale and Harvard) 1870 - Force Acts <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">** 1871 - Great Chicago Fire **  <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1871 - Treaty of Washington with the British Empire regarding the Dominion of Canada <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">** 1872 - Yellowstone National Park created **** 1872 - Crédit Mobilier scandal ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1872 - Amnesty Act <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">** 1872 - Alabama Claims ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1872 - U.S. presidential election, 1872 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">** 1873 - Panic of 1873 ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1873 - Virginius Affair1874 - Red River Indian War1875 - Aristides (horse) wins first Kentucky Derby1875 - Resumption Act <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">** 1875 - Civil Rights Act of 1875 ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1875 - The Art Students League of New York is founded <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">** 1876 - National League of baseball founded ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1876 - Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">** 1876 - Munn v. Illinois establishes public regulation of utilities ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1876 - Colorado becomes a state <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">** 1876 - Battle of Little Bighorn ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1876 - Wild Bill Hickok is killed by a shot to the back of his head by Jack McCall while playing poker in Deadwood, South Dakota. He held aces and eights, now known as the Dead man's hand.1876 - Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">** 1876 - U.S. presidential election, 1876 produces an unclear result with 20 Electoral College votes disputed ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1877 - The Electoral Commission awards Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency1877 - Reconstruction ends1877 - Nez Perce War1878 - Bland-Allison Act1878 - Morgan silver dollars first minted <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">** 1879 - Thomas Edison invents light bulb ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1879 - Knights of Labor go public

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">//__**1870: 15th Amendment**__//
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"//The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied（地奈德） or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition（抗丢神） of servitude（丝文tiu的）//"

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__//**1872: Alabama Claims**//__
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> The Alabama Claims where complaints that the United States held against Great Britain during and after the Civil War (1861-1865). President Lincoln was taken off guard when he found out that the Confederacy were getting help from Great Britain in order to beat the Union during the War. Lincoln and his administration were shocked that Great Britain broke their neutrality clause and became involved with an American internal war.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Great Britain broke its neutrality by building two destroyers/ ships named CSS Alabama and CSS Florida. These ships sank and burned over 60 Union ships, causing the Union to be at a great disadvantage. The reason that Great Britain broke its neutrality was because the North/ Union blockaded harbors so that Britain could not import cotton. This impacted their Commerce by limiting their importing of textiles. This limitation caused severe economic issues for Great Britain.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> The United States solicited help from other countries and set up a meeting in Geneva. The meeting was set up so that all issues that Great Britain and the United States had could be resolved. It was decided that The United States would be awarded $15.5 million due to damages and received an apology from Great Britain. Great Britain agreed to pay for all damages done, and apologized for all the losses that accrued by the United States. However, Great Britain did not admitted to guilt.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> The Alabama Claims were good examples for the world because it showed how to peacefully resolve differences between two countries. There where many reasons for both countries to declare war against each other, however through diplomatic missions, the result ended with both countries having favorable relations with each other.

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__<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**//1873: The Panic of 1873//** __
media type="custom" key="11602244" align="left" <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;">By 1873, America had stopped minting their currency with gold and silver. In addition, President Grant issued a bill contracting money from companies. This bill sent many important banks and businesses into bankruptcy and debt. Unfortunately, these banks and businesses were imperative to the stabilization of our country. <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">So, because of the many big banks and businesses in debt, the most important and populated areas in the WORLD would sink into sink into debt. This caused America's biggest money-maker, railroads to lose money and even go bankrupt. Thus causing wage cuts and many people without jobs, destroying the lives of MILLIONS of Americans. So much debt and chaos caused riotsaround the world, such as the Tompkins Square Riot of 1874 and the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. In both riots, many people died in anger and confusion over their destroyed way of living. <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Obviously, such events are hard to react cooly towards. Even so, it took the whole of America FIVE YEARS to recover. Not only did we semi-sucessfully deal with the Panic, we also learned how to deal with future panics and chaos, if not cooly, then readily.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__//**1876: Nation League of Baseball Founded**//__
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> After a tumultuous six-year existence, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NA), folded following the 1875 season. From many problems such as; Teams being unbalanced with the best players on one team, focused only on Eastern Teams, economic Depression during the time of the Association ,structure of the Association was horrible such as Players jumping from team to team because this was not probhited The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs (NL) was formed in Chicago, Illinois by businessman , and owner of the Chicago White Stockings , William Hulbert , for the purpose of replacing the NA, which he believed to have been corrupt, mismanaged, full of rowdy, drunken ballplayers, and under the influence of the gambling community One of the new rules put into place by the new league was that all teams had to be located in cities that had a population of 75,000 or more. The initial NL season began with eight teams, and they were asked to play seventy games between April 22 andOctober 21 The NL is considered to be the first "major league", although it has been argued that the NA can make that claim. The creation of the National League brought economic flow into America’s economy. The national league created job consisting of: Caretakers of Ballparks, sweepers, janitors, medical staff for team, Maintenance staff, Ballpark manager. The National League Boosted America's economy by: Charging 50 cents for attendance at games. This brought economic flow and revenue to the major cities which had baseball teams. Players also received benefits for playing for their clubs because they would receive paychecks from the team owners which would the balance the revenue flow of the baseball clubs.The National League ran into problems because of the rival league called the “American Association” which undercutted the national league by: Charging 25 cents rather than 50 cents for admission. The American Association played games in cities wherever the National League didn't play games. Such as Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston, Washington D.C., Cleveland, Detroit, Milwaukee and Chicago. Also many of the players from the National League moved on to the American Association due to location of the teams management.

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<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__//**1876: The Battle of Little Bighorn**//__
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Sioux and Cheyenne Indians were outrages by the intrusions of whites into their scared lands in the Black Hills.They couldn't take it any longer so the Indians decided to team up and they gathered in Montana. The Battle of Little Bighorn happened on June 25 and 26 1876. The Battle of the Little Bighorn was also called Custer's Last Stand. The Sioux and Cheyenne Indians joined their forces together to make one big army. The United States had three columns to attack the indians. Lt. Colonel George Custer and the Seventh Cavalry was one of the columns. Custer and the 7th cavalry found a group of about 40 warriors to join their force. Custer ignored the orders to wait to attack and went on before they told the main party. The warriors in the village outnumbered Custer 3 times his strength. Custer divided his troops into 3 forces. He sent some troops to Captain Frederick Benteen. Major Marcus Reno took the rest of the troops and was to charge the Indian village. He wanted to strike the northern and southern ends of the village, but he decided this without knowing what he had to cross. Reno had 175 Soldiers attack the southern end and got caught in a bad situation with no hope so Reno decided to withdraw. Custer had commanded to his men to shoot the Indians horses and stack dead bodies to form a wall, but it provided little protection against the bullets. In less than an hour Custer and his men were killed in the worst American military disaster ever. This battle was a great victory for the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne, led by the Sitting Bull.

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<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**//__1876: US Presidential Election 1876__//**
media type="custom" key="11617208" align="left" The Election of 1876 was a very controversial election for the united states, it was filled with corruption, lies, and secret promises that lead to the freedom of African Americans to be taken away. The two main candidates were Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden, and the winner only wins because of peer pressure, so take note, peer pressure even works on old men working for the government. Its called the Corrupt Bargain/Compromise of 1876 because the Northern Republicans decided to take matters into their own hands and make a deal with the southern congressmen giving the southerners items and power that changed history up until Martin Luther King Jr.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__//**1879: The Light Bulb**//__
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=<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**__//Other Stuff!//__** =

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** //MUSIC VIDEO:// **
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<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;">** //Images from the 1870s (cited):// ** > <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1997-2011. Web. 6 Nov. 2011. <http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">custer.htm>. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Web. 10 Nov. 2011. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">battle_of_the_little_big_horn.htm>. > <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Nov. 2011. <http://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-littlebighorn.html>. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><http://www.fold3.com/page/93585731_battle_of_little_big_horn/>. > <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">EBchecked/topic/343981/Battle-of-the-Little-Bighorn>. > <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Web. 10 Nov. 2011. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">WWbighorn.htm>. > <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Nov. 2011. <http://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-littlebighorn.html>. > <http://www.civil-war-journeys.org/battle_of_the_little_big_horn.htm>. >
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"The Battle of the Little Bighorn, 1876." //Eye Witness to History// . N.p.,
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"The Battle of the Little Big Horn ." //HistoryLearning Site// . N.p., 2009-2011.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"The Battle of Little Bighorn ." //Legends of America// . N.p., 2003-2011. Web. 6
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Battle of Little Big Horn." //fold3//. N.p., 2009. Web. 10 Nov. 2011.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">//Britannica// . N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Custer and the Battle of Little Bighorn ." //Spartacus Educational// . N.p., n.d.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"The Battle of Little Bighorn ." //Legends of America// . N.p., 2003-2011. Web. 6
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">//Last Stand Diorama// . N.d. N.p., 2006. Web. 3 Dec. 2011.

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